Sputum

(Microbiology)

1. Samples should only be forwarded to the laboratory if they show evidence of purulent material. If the patient has provided saliva or if there are visible food particles, it is better to start again straight away. Better samples may be forthcoming early in the morning (but before breakfast !), or with the assistance of a physiotherapist.
2. The microbiological quality of sputum deteriorates rapidly. Day-old specimens seldom provide any useful result.
3. In patients with pneumonia, blood cultures should always be taken, and consideration also given to establishing a diagnosis by means of antigen detection and serology.
4. Induced sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) specimens should reach the laboratory as a matter of urgency, preferably having alerted the staff there in advance. The request form should give precise details of the clinical background and investigations required, or the case discussed with the duty doctor.

Investigation	Culture and sensitivity Gram stain if required
Inform lab before sending	No (unless urgent)
Specimen type	Sputum
Ideal time to take specimen	see above
Specimen container	Sterile leak proof container
Labelling requirements	click here
Transport to the laboratory	If transport is delayed then refridgerate sample. Delays of over 48 hours are undesirable
Turnround	48 - 72 hours (Where fungal culture is requested this may be extended to 14 days)
Additional information	Please ensure that all request forms are clearly labelled with patient details, releveant clinical information and the tests required
Specimen retention	Please ensure that any requests for additional investigations on the specimen are made within 7 days from the date of the original request

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